Essay Comparing the Gettysburg Address and Ginsbergs...

Comparing the Gettysburg Address and Ginsbergs America Many writers have considered the identity of America. Two remarkable writers of two different time periods have shouldered this. They created two important works. The first, Abraham Lincoln; a great leader in the midst of an incredible time of change and confusion, delivered the Gettysburg Address to an assembly that came to him saddened and horrified by the trials of war. These same people left, changed, that day from the cemetery. The other, Allen Ginsberg, wrote the poem America for a generation of people caught between World War II and the Cold War. The comparison between these two works is important for learning the identity of all Americans. The histories†¦show more content†¦After their convictions they were given the death sentence. Many throughout the world claimed that the two men had been condemned because they were guilty only of being immigrants and outspoken anarchists (Sacco-Vanzetti Case 1), because the judge and jury were accused of bias. The two were electrocuted on August 23, 1927. This shows an example of the bitter twist from The Gettysburg Address of those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. Americas unwillingness to tolerate anything seen as subversive gave way to the deaths of Sacco and Vanzetti. The presence of each writers reality have interesting parallels. These works developed similarly with the present time in which they created them. The state of prejudice and inequality in their times became a part of what they wrote. Their own personal obsessions had places in them, too. Prejudice and inequality were problems in times of both Ginsberg and Lincoln. Lincoln even observed `an increasing number of men who, for the sake of perpetuating slavery, are beginning to assail and to ridicule the white-mans charter of freedom - the declaration that all men are created free and equal (Neely 35). Lincoln spoke in his speech of the new birth of freedom that would solve this problem; but it would take loyalty to the cause on the part of all Americans. Allen Ginsberg cited instances of prejudice that

The American Dream By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And Mohsin...

The concept of the American Dream is the fundamental principle on which the United States of America is based upon. America is romanticized as a place where ideals of individuality, democracy, freedom and equality are encouraged. This is how America presents itself to the world and in turn, this is how much of the world views the United States - a country brimming with opportunity and those willing to work hard will no doubt achieve prosperity, success and happiness. It s no surprise then that America has the largest immigrant population in the world. Those migrating to the United States often have exaggerated expectations of the country, no doubt on account of America s wealth, positioning as the world s leading superpower and†¦show more content†¦Upon her arrival to the states, however, it became apparent that such claims were exaggerated and if anything, her status had diminished. In Nigeria Ifemelu had not yet been subject to the concept of race, evidenced by her stateme nt â€Å"I came from a country where race was not an issue; I did not think of myself as black and I only became black when I came to America.† (Adichie 359) She was of course aware of colorism amongst her people - some believing that possessing lighter skin somehow made them superior, but in America race was everything! Race determined your social status, the neighborhood you lived in, the opportunities available to you, your chances of success and how difficult the life would be. And in America, being black was considered the lowest in the hierarchy. Ifemelu would also learn that being a â€Å"non-American† black would form a bridge between her and so called black Americans. The Reluctant Fundamentalist chronicles the story of Changez, a relatively successful Pakistani immigrant. Changez has just graduated from Princeton, one of the most prestigious universities in the nation and lands a successful job at a reputable financial firm as an analyst. On the surface, it would appear that Changez has achieved the American Dream. However, following the unfortunate events of September 11th, 2001, the sociopolitical landscape of the United States shifted and had aShow MoreRelatedThe Marginalized American Dream By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And Mohsin Hamid1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Marginalized American Dream The concept of the American Dream is the fundamental principle on which the United States of America is based upon. America is romanticized as a place where ideals of individuality, democracy, freedom and equality are encouraged. This is how America presents itself to the world and in turn, this is how much of the world views the United States - a country brimming with opportunity and those willing to work hard will no doubt achieve prosperity, success and happiness

How Successful Was the New Economic Policy Free Essays

string(51) " true society republic of workers and peasants’\." The New Economic Policy (NEP) was a measure implemented in order to counter the arguably disastrous effects War Communism. The New Economic is controversial. Some historians argue it allowed the Soviet economy to solidify and begin to recover, and also allowed the Bolsheviks to retain control over Russia. We will write a custom essay sample on How Successful Was the New Economic Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others, like Orlando Figes, state it was ultimately a failure, arguing that under the NEP the peasants grew away from the Bolshevik regime, inviting a future, and brutal, reassertion of central control. This essay will discuss the effectiveness of the NEP economically and politically as well as outlining War Communism and why it failed Michael Lynch argues that ‘By 1921, the grim economic situation had undermined the original justification for war communism. During its operation, industrial and agricultural production had fallen alarmingly. ’ War Communism was first introduced as an extreme economic measure in order to deal with problems created during the Civil War as well as enabling the Army to be fed. However in accordance with Lynch, the policy did not improve Russia’s productivity or indeed the Bolshevik popularity. The existence of the Cheka and the Red Army enabled Lenin to embark on the policy of centralisation. This resulted in a considerable increase in Bolshevik influence in the factories via the infiltration of the Workers’ committees by political commissars. This development helped prepare the way for issuing the Decree of Nationalisation in June 1918 and within two years it brought practically all major industrial enterprises in Russia under central government control. Yet nationalism did nothing to increase production due to being imposed at the time of severe industrial disruption caused initially by the strains of World War One but which worsened during the Civil War. Furthermore the military needs were given priority thus denying resources to those industries not considered essential. The situation was made more serious by factories being deprived of man power as a result of conscription into the Red army and flight from urban areas of large numbers of inhabitants who left in search of food or by means of escape from the Civil War. This led to the population of Petrograd and Moscow to drop by half between 1918 and 1921 causing a dramatic decrease in Russia’s productivity. Problems were deepened further by hyper-inflation. The scarcity of goods and the government’s policy of continuing to print currency notes effectively destroyed the value of money and by the end of 1920 the rouble had fallen to 1% of its worth in 1917. Ultimately War Communism tightened the Bolshevik’s grip on industry but did not lead to economic growth. Agriculture was also largely affected by War Communism. A major purpose of War Communism was to force the peasants to provide more food. However peasants were resistant to the government’s demands and this was largely blamed on the Kulaks who the Bolsheviks claimed were hoarding the grain. As a result the government become infuriated by the peasant’s refusal to conform and condemned them as counter-revolutionaries and restored to coercion. Cheka requisition units were sent into the countryside to take the grain by force. In 1920 the order was given to hang one hundred kulaks publically in order to terrify the population however this seemed to have the reverse effect of the one intended. With the knowledge that any surplus would be confiscated, peasants produced the bare minimum to feed themselves and their family. By 1921 a combination of requisitioning, draught and general disruption of war resulted in national famine with grain harvests in 1920 and 1921 being less than half that gathered in 1913. The matters became so desperate that the Bolsheviks admitted famine and accepted foreign assistance however foreign help was too late to prevent mass starvation. Of the 10 million of the Civil War period over half starved to death. Although War Communism proved catastrophic in terms of industrial and agricultural output the Bolsheviks saw it as true socialism due to the squeezing of the peasants and the ending of private ownership. Even after the Red Army’s victory in the Civil War, the policy of War Communism was maintained. As a short-term measure the policy produced the results Lenin wanted but severity increased Bolshevik unpopularity resulting in a number of minor outbreaks of resistance during the 1920s. But the Kronstadt Rising of 1921 proved to be highly disturbing to Lenin as he described it as the ‘lightening flash that illuminated the true reality of things’. Lynch claims that ‘As long as unrest was confined to the peasants and the Bolsheviks’ political enemies it was a containable problem’ but Lenin began to worry over the development of War Communism within the party itself. The two prominent Bolsheviks involved Alexander Shlyapnikov, labour commissar, and Alexandra Kollontai, who led a ‘workers’ Opposition’ movement against the excess of war communism. Kollontai accused party leaders of losing touch with the proletariat and from this, groups of workers in Petrograd went on strike in early 1921 justifying their actions in the proclamation than change is needed in the policies of the government. By February 1921 thousands of Petrograd workers crossed the naval base on Kronstadt claiming that Russia should be better, not worse, than Tsarist times ,as the Bolshevik government claimed Russia to be a workers’ state. In an attempt to pacify strikers Lenin sent a team of political commissars to Kronstadt who were greeted with derision. In early March, the sailors and workers of Kronstadt produced a manifesto. It was not the demands that frightened the Bolsheviks but the people who drafted them as the workers and sailors of Kronstadt had been great and popular supporters of the Bolsheviks in 1917. Shelia Fitzpatrick describes them as ‘The Kronstadters, heroes of the July Days and supporters of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution, had become almost legendary figures in Bolshevik mythology. Now they were repudiating the Bolsheviks’ revolution, denouncing ‘the arbitrary rule of the commissar’ and calling for a true society republic of workers and peasants’. You read "How Successful Was the New Economic Policy" in category "Papers" The danger for the Bolsheviks was that due to their popularity of the Kronstadters revolted the rest of the people would be due to follow. The rising was finally crushed when Trotsky ordered the Red Army to storm the Kronstadt base with violent results. Lenin took an important lesson from the Kronstadt uprising which was to avoid scandal and embarrassment of another open challenge to his party and government and so decided it was time to soften his severity of war communism leading to the introduction of the NEP in order to tackle the famine and thus prevent further uprising. The majority of historians agree that the NEP was certainly an economic success compared to the catastrophe of War Communism with both Shelia Fitzpatrick and Orlando Figes agreeing that NEP was introduced as ‘an impoverished response to desperate economic conditions’. Lenin is a pragmatic character and so seeing that peasants could not be forced to produce more food so instead must be persuaded and thus temporarily abandon the idea of War Communism. The success of the NEP can in reality only be measured by its aims. The NEP was set up primarily to stabilise the economy; this included decreasing inflation, increasing agricultural and industrial production and re-establishing trade outside of the country. The other major aim of the policy was to minimise the gap between the worker and the peasant in order to get peasant co-operation and support. Due to the fact that the NEP was set up as a result of Kronstadt its other aim is to demolish the possibility of such a rebellion happening again. Many reforms took place in Russia due to the NEP. Under the NEP the Government stopped its policy of requisitioning the peasants entire crop and instead began to take only what was needed to meet the minimum requirements of the army and the urban workers. Fixed tax in kind was introduced and although the peasants were forced to pay the tax, they were now allowed to sell the remainder of their crop for profit. They could sell either privately or to the state. This gave peasants the initiative to grow more crops as a result the grain harvest went up from 37. 6 million tons in 1921 to 72. 5 million tons in 1925. This was a success of the NEP as it increased agricultural production to Russia’s pre-war levels, which helped to stabilise the economy. Nationalisation was minimised with only the large industries remaining under state control. However, this was still a lot as 85% of the workforce worked for state enterprises, the rest for private enterprises or co-operatives. Also conscription of the workforce was abandoned. Over the course of five years, the NEP allowed industrial and agricultural output to rise to its pre-war levels. In this sense, the NEP did achieve economic recovery. However, the NEP was bitterly disliked by many leading communists who saw it as a reversal of everything they believed which will be discussed later in the essay. Although industrial production increased at a slower pace than agricultural production, which caused many problems such as the scissors crisis in 1923, it did increase. For example, coal in 1921 did not exceed 8. million tons while in 1925, it was around 18. 1 million tons, and steel production increased nearly 10 times from 183 thousand tons being produced in 1921 to 2135 thousand tons in 1925. However industry did not attain the same levels of recovery as agriculture and did not reach the pre-war level. This shows that the NEP was successful in increasing industrial production. However, the increase in heavy industry was not as great as light industry, consequently it suffered in comparison. Trade with foreign countries was also reintroduced, as earlier it had been prohibited. The ban against free trade was lifted too so the whole population was permitted to trade with one another. The state only had control over 15% of the trade; the rest was under Nepmen or co-operative control. However, the boom in private trade led to a widening gap between rich and poor. This can clearly be seen by the sudden rise in unemployment in the first two years of the setting up of the NEP. There was a lot of anger focused on the Nepmen, who were seen as the ‘new class’, between rich and poor. The workers also felt resentful towards the Bolsheviks as they felt the NEP was sacrificing their class interests in favour of the peasantry. Therefore although the NEP allowed free trade and re-established foreign trade, not everyone benefited from it. And in fact this lead to the very thing communism went against class. Nepmen became the new beneficiaries, as they grew rich. Also, the gap between rich peasants and poor ones increased as class, once again became an issue. In addition, a new currency was set up to ease the economic problem. This currency was known as the chervontsy. However, they were in heavy demand and only available in large denominations. The rouble was still legal tender until February 1924. Inflation can clearly be seen as in January 1921 there was 1,169 milliards of roubles in circulation and by January 1923 there were 1, 9994,464 milliards. This clearly shows that a change in currency was needed. Although this helped the economy as the rate of inflation decreased slightly, it did not do enough to help the people and their financial difficulties. The NEP did minimise the gap between workers and peasants. The policy meant that peasants could make more of a profit as they were allowed to sell their own produce and trade with others. It also encouraged them to work harder. However, it was the peasants who suffered most due to inflation. Although they made money, it was worth little in industry. In this way the NEP had been partly a success as it had minimised the gap and made things better for the peasants but did not improve everything. As for the NEP’s other aim, that being avoiding another rebellion like Kronstadt, the policy was successful as there was no threat of them ever losing power. Although there were protests against the NEP or some parts of it, overall these were unthreatening to Bolshevik power and were ignored or came to an end after a while. Aside from economic issues, the NEP also caused dispute amongst the Bolsheviks themselves in political terms. As Fitzpatrick argues ‘From the communist standpoint NEP was a retreat, and a partial admission of failure. Many Communists felt deeply disillusioned: it seemed that the revolution had changed so little. ’ The NEP was a mixture of socialism and capitalism and was referred to as a â€Å"step back† for the Bolsheviks as they had just defended socialism in the civil war but was now retreating into capitalism and the â€Å"old ways†. A major objection from the Bolsheviks was the reintroduction of money and private trading had created the Nepmen. It was the profiteering that Victor Serge, a representative of the Left Bolsheviks, had in mind when he described the immediate social effects of NEP: ‘the cities we ruled over assumed a foreign aspect, we felt ourselves sinking into the mire. Money lubricated and befouled the entire machine just as under capitalism’ As the NEP had become such a contentious issue among the Bolsheviks Lenin introduced the banning of factionalism as well as outlawing all other parties except from Bolshevism. The object of this was to eliminate party disputes and political rivals and to a certain extent this worked. In conclusion, the NEP was successful to a certain extent. Because of the New Economic Policy the Soviet economy revived quickly. There was more food from the farmers; there were goods in the shops and outdoor markets, However many Bolshevik members did not consider the NEP as socialism and thought that it was a betrayal of communist principles. On the whole the NEP was a success. It met most of its aims. The policy helped stabilise the crumbling economy and re-established pre-war levels. The policy decreased the rate of inflation, it increased agricultural and industrial production, it allowed free trade and re-established foreign trade. However, some of these aims it only met partly. For example although the rate of inflation did decrease it was still very high and the NEP did not stop it completely. Industry production also suffered as a result of the NEP. Although its production increased its prices rose due to the fast increase of agriculture. Trade also caused problems like the re-establishment of classes. So these aims were only partly successful and created many other problems. The NEP tried to minimise the gap between peasants and workers. Many of the aims in stabilising the economy were for the peasants’ benefits like the end of requisitioning and allowing them to trade. However, the high prices in industry and high inflation left the peasants with money which was not worth as much. However, the policy did try to get peasant support. It was partly successful in bringing workers and peasants together, however many workers felt let down by the party that was supposed to cater to their needs. The fact no major rebellions threatened the Communists shows that the policy had kept many people happy and those that protested were insignificant or in such small numbers they were unable to mount a decent threat on the party. Thus the NEP was one of the major factors that had enabled the survival of Communism in Russia. The step back from socialism and the reintroduction of capitalism had worked. Peasant uprisings virtually ceased, the economy recovered and the Bolshevik regime was consolidated How to cite How Successful Was the New Economic Policy, Papers

LoveHate Comparison Essay Research Paper THEY LOVE free essay sample

Love-Hate Comparison Essay, Research Paper THEY LOVE ME, THEY LOVE ME NOT Turning up, I had a best friend named Susie. We shared everything. She knew my every idea, dream and fright. I ever saved her a place on the coach. When we became adolescents we double dated. We were each other # 8217 ; s counsellor, intimate, and sometimes even a shoulder to shout on. I loved her really much and could non conceive of non being her friend, until she betrayed me. I discovered that she had been seeing my fellow behind my dorsum. After acquisition of her fraudulence I hated her so much that merely the sight of her literally turned my tummy. Often it is hard to separate if the actions of others originate from love or hatred. There are many variables in make up ones minding whether person acted out of love or hatred. It is of import to larn to separate between love and hatred. As kids, our parents penalize us for making incorrect, non because they hate us, but instead that they love us and desire us to turn up to be good mannered, sympathetic people. At the clip they were training us, we could non understand how they could utilize a phrase such as # 8220 ; This hurts me more than it does you. # 8221 ; When we reach adulthood it is much easier to see how it could ache them to hold to be rigorous. God loved Adam and Eve because they were his kids, even though they had sinned by eating the fruit from the tree of cognition of good and evil. He hated that they had non listened to his instructions. Equally much as he loved them, he had to penalize them for noncompliance in order to learn them that he had their best involvements in head. Our parents made determinations for us because they love us. Decisions based on love are for the benefit of the loved one, while determinations based on hatred are for the 1 who hates benefit or selfish desire. Decisions driven by hatred are frequently made to do another individual to endure or to demand retaliation. Loving determinations are to alleviate the hurting or the injury being suffered by person other than oneself. While God # 8217 ; s love is pure and firm, human love can be healthy or unhealthy. True love is by and large healthy, while true hatred is really unhealthy. A love-hate relationship reversals between the two emotions. In a love-hate relationship the people involved can travel from apparently detesting the other individual to loving them vastly, about instantly. Some people might argue that this is an unhealthy manner of relationship ; nevertheless, every bit long as the hatred is merely a fleeting feeling, the love-hate relationship can be a healthy one. People in this type of relationship are normally more unfastened about their disfavors, being able to vent their contempt for a peculiar action or statement by the other individual. By the same item, they rapidly retrieve their love for their important other. They are able to show their love every bit freely as they express their hatred. This free look of emotions prevents feelings from being suppressed and finally makes for a really unfastened and honest relationship. Real hatred ; nevertheless, is highly unhealthy. One must hold the capacity to forgive or life most surely would be suffering. By holding the ability to forgive, one is able to last without being overcome by hatred. While one would be really disquieted if person ran over a household pet, he/she should be able to forgive the individual who committed the act. In some instances, forgiveness is hard. For case, a slaying victim # 8217 ; s household might happen it awfully hard to forgive the liquidator of their loved one. Hate of this nature is absolutely normal, but for true healing to be achieved, forgiveness is compulsory. Throughout history people have been murdered for their strong beliefs in their Gods and faiths. Religious people frequently province that they love everyone ; nevertheless, there are infinite narratives of slaughters and wars arising from frankness about opposing spiritual positions. This bias has been impacting world since the beginning of clip. Religious bias is merely one of many biass. Biass are disguised as love for one # 8217 ; s ain sort but are truly a signifier of hatred for anyone who is different than them. The most common biass are racial, spiritual, gender, and sexual orientation bias. While racial bias seems to be on the diminution in recent old ages, the job of bias over sexual orientation seems to be increasing. In the past few old ages at that place have been many incidents where people were murdered because they were, or were believed to be, homosexual. These mindless slayings and Acts of the Apostless of bias have even affected the armed forces. Prejudice should be love for one # 8217 ; s ain sort, world. When I foremost picked my subject I thought there would be many more differences between love and hatred. After farther thought I realized that they much more similar than they at first appear to be. It has made me contemplate the fact that that there is a really unstable balance between love and hatred. Love is frequently perceived as hatred and hatred perceived as love. The most important difference that I found between the two was their definitions. Harmonizing to Merriam Webster Dictionary, love is an utmost fondness for and hatred is an utmost antipathy to. These emotions are exact opposites-or are they?

Utilitarianism Vs Cultural Ethical Relativism Essays -

Utilitarianism Vs Cultural Ethical Relativism Utilitarianism is an example of Consequentialist Ethics, where the morality of an action is determined by its accomplishing its desired results. In both scenarios the desired result was to save the lives of thousands of people in the community. Therefore, a Utilitarian would say that the actions taken in both of the scenarios are moral. Since an (Act) Utilitarian believes that actions should be judged according to the results it achieves. Happiness should not be simply ones own, but that of the greatest number. In both scenarios, the end result saved the lives of 5,000 members of the community. The end result is the only concern and to what extreme is taken to reach this result is of no matter. In these instances the things that are lost are an Inmates religious beliefs or a mothers fetus, on the other hand Thousands of citizens were saved from dying from this disease. In the Scenario I, a Utilitarian would view the inmate as having a higher sense of moral obligation. From a Utilitarian perspective, the inmate should have acted out of a general desire to do what is right for the benefit of all, not simply for his own happiness, even if it meant going against his religion. The Utilitarian would also view the prison officials behavior as moral. This is because one man endured the pain and suffering, but from that, 5,000 other people had much happier lives. Even if the inmate had eventually killed himself, a Utilitarian would still view the acts as moral. In Scenario II, it is more difficult to discern exactly what an (Act) Utilitarian would say about the morality of the choices made since these choices bring pain in suffering to a greater number of people. The loss of three fetuses, that were not otherwise going to be aborted, would have a tremendous effect on many people. The mothers and their families would experience a great deal of pain and suffering over this loss. However, when weighed with the happiness brought to thousand of cured people, a Utilitarian would say the acts were moral. Since utilitarianism states that in any situation where there is a moral choice to make, the right thing to do is that which is likely to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. (B) Since different cultures have different moral practices, it is necessary to specify the culture under examination here. In American culture, and specifically within the 5000 member community, a CER would not take exception to the violation of the convicts religious culture in order to secure his blood. In Scenario 1 the CER could argue that the convict was standing for what was morally right for him and the entire Christian Science religion. Since to refrain from any medical treatment for fear of meddling with gods ultimate plan is their moral practice, and although this may have differed from the other 5000 in the community, the action of performing the transfusion was immoral to the Christian Science religious culture. In contrast to the numbers that could dying due to acting morally, for the culture of the community as a whole it was a moral action risking one individuals personal morals to save the entire population of the community. The CER might see the community as a culture a nd everyone within that community as having the same moral values, since the inmate was a part of that community these morals by undergoing medical intervention by having a blood transfusion and saving the community was the more moral action. (C) The Utilitarian position is not entirely correct in my opinion. One implication of Utilitarianism is that every time one makes a decision, one tries to take into account all the possible results of that action. But those results will be constantly changing, since everything that happens continues to have repercussions that are not known at the time. In which case, there can never be a moment at which it is possible to say that the amount of happiness caused will definitely outweigh the amount of harm. One is never in a position to know with absolute certainty the relative amounts of happiness or pain that any action will cause.

The Edible Woman essays

The Edible Woman essays The Edible Woman written by Margaret Atwood is about women and their relationships to men, to society, to food and to eating. In chapter 22, Marian and Duncan are invited to dine at Trevors (Duncans friend) apartment. I have to say honestly that not many events occur during this chapter but the ones that do are very significant for the development of the characters and satirical. For example, in chapter 22 we really get to see Fishs intellectual side, constantly analyzing poetry and sharing his own perspective on society. On another note, Marian is faced with a plate of food, and this reflects her state of mind at this point of the story; still confused about her role in society, but is slowly finding a way around it, grabbing the chunks of meat and tossing them towards Duncans plate. She scraped most of the sauce from one of the chunks of meat, picked it up between thumb and finger, and tossed it to him over the candles Something else interesting that I noticed in this chapter is when Fish recites his interpretation of Alice in Wonderland. I believe that this is a sort of inroad to understanding the novel, depicting Marian as a type of Alice. Of course everybody knows Alice is a sexual-identity-crisis book . . . this is the little girl . . . trying to find her role ... as a Woman. One sexual role after another is presented to her but she seems unable to accept any of them . . . she rejects maternity . . . nor does she respond positively to the dominating-female role . . . Marian Mc Alpin: Marian Mc Alpin is a very easy going woman that seems to find her way around everything. She is extremely polite, patient and copes with everything throughout the story. Marian copes with her roommate Ainsley's radical ideas about getting pregnant without first getting married, she copes with Peter's moods, adjusting her emotions ar ...

Designing For Usability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing For Usability - Essay Example This report covers a comprehensive assessment of the usability test of the website: http://www.cusu.org/. This analysis report will offer a deep insight into the application of testing methods, analysis of the factors of usability for testing, assessment of usability issues in website, recommendations for improving the website’s usability and synopsis of usefulness of the method we chose for overall website analysis. This report will be based on the views of three different users. This report will present the website analysis from views of three users JAMES, ALEX and SMITH. In order to get the views of these users a questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire will be attached in Appendix A. ... These questioners are presented in APPENDIX A. Coaching Method This method is extensively used for conducting usability tests. Seeing that, this method involves the users who can inquire about the system-related issues. Thus, in this method system users will work as trainer. In this report we will use this method for assessing http://www.cusu.org/ for the information requirements of various users in an attempt to offer improved guidance as well as certification, in addition to refurbish the user interface to reduce the need for inquiries. However, it can be done by using questionnaire and distributing it to the website users or analyzers for the enhanced and better assessment of the website (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). Performance Measurement The next method that we will use will require getting quantitative data regarding test contestants’ execution or performance as those are carried out on the website working all through usability test. However, in order to apply this testing method we will require describing the objectives for the usability testing in scenario of usability features. Moreover, in case of application of such usability testing method we will need to specify the prime usability issues regarding website through dimensions like that users learning time, efficient communications, faults rate, etc (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). USABILITY TEST FOR THE WEB SITE This section is about the assessment of main parameters of the usability regarding http://www.cusu.org/ website. Here I will assess some of the main functioning and working aspects of the website through the possible working and operational assessments: (Nielsen, 2005), (Dix et al., 1998) and (Kyrnin, 2011) In this section I will

Anarchism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anarchism - Essay Example He attended the local school but was primarily self-educated at the town's public library. Proudhon, was among the inventors of socialism, along wih Marx, Bakunin, Blanqui, Blanc, Herzen, Lassalle and Engles. Of these, Proudhon had the profoundest effect upon the workers' movement in the 19th century and his ideas influenced some of the most notable later anarchists, including both Tolstoy and Bakunin, both of whom knew Proudhon personally. Indeed, throughout his life Proudhon acquired and kept a remarkable collection of friends, and as his notoriety spread, acquaintances. Before Proudhon, the word 'anarchist' had been exclusively used as a derogatory epithet to be flung at one's political opponents. Proudhon was the first person to adopt the label with enthusiasm. He denounced the 'government of man by man' as 'oppression,' and in its place advocated a society based on 'equality, law, independence, and proportionality' which 'finds its highest perfection in the union of order with a narchy.' He defined 'anarchy' as 'the absence of a master, of a sovereign,' and envisaged a society in which 'the sovereignty of the will yields to the sovereignty of reason. For Proudhon: " Capital in the political field is analogous to "government". The economic idea of capitalism, the politics of government or of authority and the theological idea of the Church are three identical ideas, linked in various ways. To attack one of them is equivalent to attacking all of them. What capital does to labor, and the State to liberty, the Church does to the spirit. This trinity of absolutism is as baneful in practice as it is in philosophy. The most effective means for oppressing the people would be simultaneously to enslave its body, its will and its reason." ("What is Property", Pierre Proudhon 1840, page 23). One exception to this position was his Proudhon's sexism, causing Joseph Dejacque (as well as subsequent anarchists) to attack Proudhon's support for patriarchy as being inconsiste nt with his anarchist ideas. In his earliest works, Proudhon analyzed the nature and problems of the capitalist economy. While deeply critical of capitalism, he also objected those contemporary socialists who idolized association. In series of commentaries, from "What is Property" (1840) through the posthumously published "Theorie de la properiete" (Theory of Property 1863-64) he declared in turn that "property is theft", "property is impossible", "property is despotism", and "property is freedom". When he said property is theft, he was referring to the landowner or the capitalist who he believed stole the profits from laborers. For Proudhon, the capitalist employee was subordinated, exploited; his permanent condition is one of obedience. In asserting that property is freedom, he was referring not only to the product of an individual's labor, but to the peasant or artisans home and tools of his trade and the income he received by selling his goods. For Proudhon, the only legitimate source of property was labor. Proudhon was remarkably consistent in his thinking about economic issues, but that his rhetoric changed considerably over the years, and that the tactics he adopted in dealing with an understanding of "property" as always somewhat "impossible" shifted slightly. First published in 1840, Proudhon's

Focus on a single management issue of an organisation (United Nation Essay

Focus on a single management issue of an organisation (United Nation or Interpol) - Essay Example While discussing the below mentioned case we can consider how different perspective of organization behavior comes into play to solve the issue, whether it was solved effectively or not and if not what extra can be done to solve it properly. The case study that we will be discussing is about the United Nations The United Nations: Competencies, Integrity and core value: Reform for the Future Organization Overview: Hanhimaki (2008), in his book gave a short but insightful introduction of the United Nations. According to his study â€Å"we the people of the United Nations† was the catch line behind the formation of the United Nations. It was founded in the year1945 with four major aims. These were; to ensure that no war takes place between the countries and there should be peace and harmony; ensure that people have faith in fundamental human rights all around the world in every country; It should ensue that international law being respected and followed by every country and final ly ensure a better standard of life and promoting social progress. The basic problem of the UN was there from the day one. Although, foundation of this body reduces the risk of another world war but it was unable have control over inter fights within the countries (Like in middle east Asia). The fundamental human rights were all time low in South Africa for a long period of time, but a not able to ensure that its law helps the people to overcome this issue. So , there are a few drawbacks and limitations also in the function of the UN. (Hanhimaki, 2008, pp. 1-3) Present concerns related to the UN : According to Mead (2012), presently Untied nation is a toothless organization, which is being flouted and ignored more often or not by different countries. The consequences of different resolution taken by the UN are almost nil. The greatest example of that is the recent visit of the UN team in Syria, where they're greeted with artillery barrages. Countries like Iran , North Korea give no importance to the UN’s resolution. According to him, the UN is less prestigious and less influential comparing to that of the 1940s and 1950s. Mead in his study pointed out following reason due to which the UN is becoming less important for the countries worldwide. These are, The toothlessness of its resolution as more and more government simply ignoring it (Mead, 2012). Incoherence of the UN: The function of the UN is based on one idea that the different governments of different countries are same in some real sense in some parameter, So the power of voting in the general assembly is same for example in case of India as well as Chad.With the increase of irrelevant and small states in the UN assembly, the effectiveness or importance of its decision started to lose its value (Mead, 2012). Outdated Policy and process are one of the major concerns of the UN. The security council of the UN is still based on 1945’s compromise between that’s time political powers like USSR, UK, and USA. China and France were not the major power that time. But at present the permanent members of the Security council of the UN are not the only great power’s of the world. Countries like Japan and India being the super power not the member of the UN, so they don't take the decision seriously (Mead, 2012). The UN is filled with the representative

How Education Can Contribute To Peace

How Education Can Contribute To Peace First and Foremost, What is world peace? World Peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations and/or people. World peace is an idea of planetary non-violence by which nations willingly cooperate, either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance that prevents warfare. The term is sometimes used to refer to a cessation of all hostility among all individuals. (Wikipedia, World peace) We celebrate world peace on International Peace Day on September 21st. I think, without education, most of us wouldnt even know the meaning of peace. So as long as we learn and devote ourselves and our time, we will be peaceful. Peace has taught us a lot about Education and the same applies to Education. Education has made a big impression on world peace. Has it made a made a big impression on you? What is Education? Nelson Mandela once said Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. (Good reads, Quotes) I agree with him because education is in fact an important requirement of life. But this is just my opinion. Lots of people have different opinions about Education. Barack Obama said Im going to insist that weve got decent funding, enough teachers, and computers in the classroom, but unless you turn off the television set and get over a certain anti-intellectualism that I think pervades some low-income communities, our children are not going to achieve (Light a Fire, Educational Quotes) Aristotle said The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet (Heart quotes, Education) Galileo said I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldnt learn something from him (Heart quotes, Education) But I think, if youre able to read this and understand it, youre educated! Something important struck me as I was going through this website, it said I f you study to remember, you will forget, but, if you study to understand, you will remember. (Heart quotes, Education) Have you ever thought how something like Education has made an impact of peoples lives? But first we must ask ourselves, what is impact? Impact is the effect or impression of one thing on another. Children receive education at some point in their lives to enhance their social and intellectual abilities (Lynda Barrys the Sanctuary of School) Education can be given at any place at any time. But some people dont go to school. Why? When it comes to poor people, we can assume they cant afford it. But when it comes to rich people who can, what is the reason? Well, some rich children feel its ok to not attend school. I call this Lack of Courage. And some are simply influenced by their parents who are somewhat lazy and dont care about the educational rights of the child. When children choose education over drugs, thats a miracle (Bruce Almighty, Movie) Dont you ever wonder what education is like throughout Ethiopia? Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until so called official education was adopted in the early 1900s. Previous to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated illiteracy rate well above 90% and compared poorly with the rest of Africa in the condition of schools and universities. Education received roughly 13% of the national budget in 1992. By 1995 the rate of illiteracy had dropped substantially to 64.5%. Projected adult illiteracy rates for the year 2003 even lower at 61.3% (males, 56.1%; females, 66.6%). (Education in Ethiopia, ONSOI) As of 1999, public expenditure on education was estimated at 4.3% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product).The current system follows very similar school expansion schemes to the rural areas as the previous 1980s system with an addition of deeper renationalization giving rural education in their own languages starting from the primary level (Wikipedia , Education in Ethiopia) Education can be provided into two types of school. Private (Like Sandford) and Government (run by the government where everything or almost everything is free). Ive learnt in both. From knowledge, I can say that students from government school take education more seriously than students from private schools. The reason for this is because that education is the only way to a better life, better job and better health for them. Like for example we, private school students can fail grade 10 and still have a chance in grade 11 (IGCSE) But government school students have only 1 chance in secondary school. If they fail grade 10, there is no IGCSE for them. Learning in a government school wasnt easy for me. I was used to private schools where if you forgot to hand in an essay or assignment, you get another chance. If you didnt hand in your assignment in government schools, youll get a slap in the face or a kick in the leg, which was very excruciating. But it was an amazing experience, getti ng perspectives from both schools and taking it with me to my journey as a student, a student whose obligation is to accomplish hers and hers familys potential. Also, we should consider the values which are essential, education will make you qualified for certain jobs and positions. Without it everybody in the world wouldnt know a thing. I will now demonstrate 11 interesting facts on education that you probably didnt know. 1. One in five adults in the developing world almost 862 million people cannot read or write. 2. Most illiterate persons are female. In more than 20 developing nations, illiteracy rates amongst women exceed 70%. 3. As much as 115 million children of primary school age are not enrolled in school. 4. More than 226 million children do not attend secondary school. 5. Many children who do enroll in school do not graduate with even the most basic reading and math skills because their schools do not have enough teachers, books or facilities to provide a quality education. 6. Across the world many children miss out on their education because: They are made to work to help support their families and many other reasons. 7. in most developing countries, public school is not free. The costs of books, uniforms, and teachers salaries are borne by the students families. 8. School fees and related costs are a co mmon barrier to education. These charges are a greater burden for children from poor families, and disproportionately affect those who are racial and ethnic minorities, members of Indigenous communities and migrants. 9. Girls are more likely to be excluded from school than boys when there isnt enough money to go round. As many as two out of three out-of-school children are girls. 10. Social traditions and deep-rooted religious and cultural beliefs are most often the barriers to expanding girls educational opportunities in undeveloped countries around the world. And last but not least, 11. Educated girls and women are less vulnerable to HIV infection, human trafficking and other forms of exploitation, are more likely to marry later, raise fewer children who are more likely to go to school, and make important contributions to family income. (Facts on Education, Dosomething.org) Have you ever tried and compared education in LEDCs and MEDCs? Why dont we take Afghanistan and Italy for example? Afghanistan had an early childhood development program which provides environmental influences, which gradually interact with the developing abilities and disposition of young children to help develop social, emotional, physical, intellectual, and creative aspects of their personality. However, for the underprivileged children with social, economic, educational or emotional deficiencies, these programs provide stimulations designed to remove obstacles to learning (The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports). The following table is extracted from UNESCO-IBE (2011), (World Data on Education VII ed. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan). It clearly shows the education/schooling system in Afghanistan. In Italy, Education for all means, in the perspective of UNESCO, the commitment of the 187 member countries to provide every human being with the real possibility of achieving at least that minimum educational attainment which allows a person to participate fully in the cultural, social, political and economical life of his/her country. The year 2000 assessment is then for UNESCO a very important step in the way towards that fundamental objective. It gives every country the opportunity of reviewing its recent past in the light of the effort made so that basic education becomes a reality for all (The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports) Since 2008, the Pearson Foundation (Independent non-profit organization that aims to make a difference by promoting literacy, learning, and great teaching), the nonprofit arm of one of the nations largest educational publishers, has financed free international trips some have called them junkets for education commissioners whose states do business with the company (New York Times, Free Trips Raise Issues for Officials in Education) Many people in the world are trying to promote education for all. One of those people is Barack Obama. Barack Obama is encouraging people to follow the Education law, Similar to the Chinese government trying to encouraging the Chinese population to follow the One child policy. If you dont know, Education law is the area of law relating to schools and that deals mainly with schools, school systems and school boards charged with educating our children. President Barack Obama said No Child Left Behind. Obama said a few years ago that he was frustrated that Congress didnt act to change the law that he has said is flawed, so he was moving forward with an effort to let qualifying states circumvent it. His plan allows states to scrap a key requirement that all children show they are proficient in reading and math by 2014. To qualify, the states must submit a plan showing how they will meet certain requirements such as enacting standards to prepare students for college and testing for those standards, and by making teachers and principals more accountable by setting guidelines on evaluations (Fresno bee, Thursday, Oct. 13, 2011) Shiza Anam, a six year old girl, is living with her mother, two brothers and two sisters in red light area, Lahore. Her mother is a worker who hardly earns an amount of Rs. 7000/ month (US $ 83 / month) from prostitution. With this limited income she is hardly able to meet the daily expenses of food and other requirements of the family. Her mother is not able to bear the expenses of her education and health care. Her two sisters and two brothers are also not going to school as her mother is not in a position to bear the expense of their educations. Her mother wants her to be a prostitute in future but she does not want to be a prostitute. She wants to get an education and to become a teacher in her life. She thinks that education is the best way to fight against deprivations, poverty and to get rid of the prostitution. But her mother does not have enough resources for her education. She does not know about her father as her mother is a sex worker. Her mother also does not know about her husband and the father of Shazia Anam. Currently Shaiza is going to Sheed School but she is looking towards the donors to help her to meet the expenses of her education. (Givology, learn to give, give to learn) Millions of people around the world can relate to Shizas story. To conclude, Education is an essential necessity of life and we all have the right to learn and respect anothers freedom of learning. I think positive change is possible. Youths are fighting for jobs and education is a campaigning organization fighting against mass unemployment. The Scottish say fight their system demand our future. Wisconsin families support a strong public school system because education is the key to creating a better future for our children by attracting companies and jobs to our community. In Addis Ababa, education is a key weapon in preventing girls from falling victim to child trafficking (Education in Ethiopia, UNICEF) If you want to be in education, said Canada, you cant be prepared to accept failure. (Fighting for education, and nations future, Harvard University) Word Count: (Excluding citations): 1993 Work-Cited List World Peace Wikipedia, 24 November, 2008, Web. October 31, 2012, Good Reads Famous Quotes, 22 November 2010, Web. October 31, 2012, Education Heart Quotes, June 27, 2008, Web. October 31, 2012, < http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/h/helenkelle101301.html> The Sanctuary Of School Lynda Barry Essays and Term Papers, 14 April, 2011, Web. October 31, 2012, < http://www.studymode.com/subjects/the-sanctuary-of-school-lynda-barry-page1.html> Education in Ethiopia Onsoi Blog, 25 July, 2012 ,Web. October 31, 2012, What are county EFA reports? Country Reports, 2000, Web. October 31, 2012, < http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/home.html> Free Trips Raise Issues for Officials in Education Education, The New York Times, October 9, 2011, Web. October 31, 2012, Most states to seek exception to education law Publication, Daily Sparks Tribune, 30 October 2011, Web. October 31, 2012, < http://dailysparkstribune.com/view/full_story/16040963/article-Most-states-to-seek-exception-to-education-law> TVET formal, non-formal and informal systems World TVET Database, 2011, Web. October 31, 2012, < http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=AFG>

Vouchers Are Not the Solution for Improving Public Schools Essay

â€Å"Vouchers lead us away from the basic American tradition of a free, quality public education for every student and undermine the kind of comprehensive, systemic school reform that is working [†¦]† (Tirozzi, 1997). This quote taken from Gerald Tirozzi, the assistant U.S. secretary of education for elementary and secondary education, sums up the issue of vouchers. Milton Friedman, a free-market theorist, introduced vouchers, which funnel public funds to private schools, more than forty years ago (Resnick, 1998). Vouchers redirect money that would have been spent on educating a child in the public school system to a private school of the parent’s choosing. Voucher use is based on two factors, student eligibility and school eligibility. Those students who would be eligible for vouchers are among those in low-income families. School eligibility widely varies state by state. In some states school eligibility is restricted only to nonsectarian private schools, where elsewhere any private school is eligible (Resnick, 1998). Those who support vouchers offer three reasons for their position. One reason being that most public schools are failing, secondly vouchers help the children who use them, and thirdly vouchers create competition that motivates public schools to improve (Resnick, 1998). However, opponents argue that funding should be put toward improving the current public school system for the masses instead of allowing a better education to an elite few. Research is largely oppos ed to vouchers. Vouchers imprudently use public funds to back religious education, degrade public education, and support elitism. Vouchers are set up such that they take money from public school funds and redirect it towards private schools an... ... nations schools are not failing, but would benefit from improvement, the children that do receive the vouchers are but an elite few and the benefits of a private school education as opposed to public has yet to be proven. Supporters make the last argument that vouchers create competition that motivates the public schools to improve, however at the same time the funding that needs to go towards improvements is being stripped away resulting in deterioration of the public school system. As supported vouchers unfavorably use public funds to back religious education, degrade public education, and support elitism where it should not be. The public school system was created to accept all children no matter what. The system of vouchers causes the school system to take several steps back on the progress it has made as a result of years of struggle to become truly public.